

However, there is no single reference gene available that remains stable in all conditions. Ideally, the expression level of a reference gene should remain stable across various development stages 10– 12, types of tissues 13– 15, with cancer progression 16, under the influence of physiological hormones 17 and under different environmental and health conditions 18, 19. Historically, many RT-qPCR studies in humans and various animal species have been normalised using the reference genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH) and beta-actin ( ACTB), however these genes can have variable expression stabilities across tissue types and experimental conditions 8, 9. A reference gene with unstable expression may generate misleading results and inaccurate conclusions. To minimize inaccuracies in quantification of expression of genes of interest, a stable reference (housekeeping) gene is required as an endogenous control to normalize the technical variation within the experimental conditions 7. There is no disagreement that RT-qPCR is a robust technique for quantifying gene expression, but the reliability of RT-qPCR results depends on multiple factors such as RNA integrity and quantity, accurate reverse transcription, primer efficiency and most importantly, suitable stable internal gene selection for normalization 6. In recent years, it has emerged as a vigorous and widely used technique in quantitative data analysis due to its high sensitivity, specificity, reliability, reproducibility, swiftness, ease of process and high data throughput in comparison to other quantification procedures such as microarray, northern blotting or ribonuclease protection analysis 1– 4 In recent years the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has arisen as the favoured method for global quantification of gene expression, however qPCR is still regarded as the gold standard for confirmation of NGS results and is the standard method in studies focussed on smaller numbers of genes and clinical diagnostics and there is frequently a need to confirm that the two methods provide comparable results 5. The fluorescence based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard procedure for quantifying gene expression. Join us right now and get access to the top catalogue of browser-based samples.The ability to measure variation in gene expression due to host and pathogen differences, between and within individuals, and over time, is crucial for identifying genes involved in disease progression. We already have over 3 million customers taking advantage of our rich collection of legal documents. Swiftly generate a Powerup Sybr Green Master Mix without needing to involve specialists.
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